Tag: zimsec history notes

While there may be other positive effects colonialism, colonialism made African colonies dependent by introducing a mono- cultural economy for the territories. It also dehumanized African labour force and traders. It forced Africans to work in colonial plantations at very low wages and displaced them from their lands.

After colonisation the African people’s way of life completely changed. People were forced to become servants of a group of whites who came from Europe. Chiefs  lost  their  power  to  plan  and  direct  the political, economic and social destiny of their lives. The Europeans  gave  themselves  good  land  and Africans were assigned the rocky and infertile land which received little or no rain.

Colonial era (1888–1980) In the 1880s, British diamond magnate Cecil Rhodes' British South Africa Company (BSAC) started to make inroads into the region. ... In 1898, 'Southern Rhodesia' became the official denotation for the region south of the Zambezi, which later became Zimbabwe.

The Industrial Revolution took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, and it was a period during which mainly agrarian/ rural societies in Britain became industrial and urban. Before the Industrial Revolution took place, manufacturing was often done in people's homes, using hand tools or basic manual machines.

Perhaps as a response to foreign intrusions in southern Africa, Shaka of the Zulu, and Nguni clan, set about creating a centralized militaristic state in the early 19thcentury. Surrounding peoples who did not voluntarily agree to absorptions in the growing Zulu empire had no option but to flee for survival. Three of these groups were to make a forceful impact on Zambia, 1500 km to the north of the Zulu heartland in eastern South Africa. One of these was a Sotho clan from today’s Orange Free State: its leader was Sebitwane and he named his people Kololo after his favorite wife. Another was Mzilikazi, one of Shaka’s generals who quarreled with him and moved away. After being defeated by the Dutch settlers in the Transvaal, he and his Ndebele invaded and conquered Western Zimbabwe.

Important  changes  took  place  in  Southern  African societies during the Iron Age. These changes included Food production, Tool making, Specialization, leading to trade, Surplus production for trade and Settled existence.

The early iron age replaced the late stone age. The early iron age people made their tools using iron and wood. The introduction of iron in the early iron age brought in a lot of changes, economically, socially and politically