Tag: o level revision notes

Reproduction is the production of young ones/offpring. Reproduction using sex cells or gametes is called sexual reproduction. Reproduction using body cells is called asexual or vegetative reproduction.  Sexual and asexual reproductions have their advantages and disadvantages. In sexual reproduction, seeds are produced. Young plants develop from seeds.

Many substances need to be transported around the body. Nutrients are transported from organs to the individual cells where they are used. Wastes are transported from the body cells to the organs where they are expelled out of the body. Mammals have circulatory systems for the movement of substances in the body. Metabolic processes are facilitated through the circulating system.

Plants are either dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous.  Seeds of dicotyledons have two cotyledons while monocotyledons have one cotyledon. Plants need a mechanism of transporting substances from one part of the plant to another. A network of xylem vessels and phloem tissues form the plant’s transport system. Water and dissolved mineral salts travel in xylem vessels and is driven by transpiration.  Sugars travel in the phloem tissue, the process is called active uptake and it requires energy to move sugars from one point to another.   Roots and stems are modified for uptake and transportation of water and mineral salts as well as dissolved food. Plants lose water through transpiration.

Processes that take place in the body require energy. The energy needed by the body is released in a process called respiration. Respiration requires food and oxygen. Respiration involves chemical reactions.  

Animal nutrition focuses on the dietary nutrients needs of animals, especially those in agriculture and food production, but can include those in zoos, aquariums, and wildlife management. There are seven major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fibre, minerals, proteins, vitamins, and water

The sun is the ultimate source of energy for all living things. Green plants can use energy from the sun to make food in a process called photosynthesis. All other organisms directly or indirectly depend on the food made by plants. Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates and oxygen. Plants require other nutrients such as proteins, fats and mineral salts. Plants are affected by pests and diseases. Pests and diseases can be controlled using chemical methods and cultural methods.

Vadzidzi ve shona pa o level vanotarisirwa kunge vachigona kutsanangura nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuumba mibvunzo nekupa mienzaniso yemibvunzo yacho.Nzira dzekubvunza mibvunzo ndechimwe chezvidzidzwa chinowanikwa padanho re ‘0’ level muchishona.

Zviratidzanguva mazwi anoratidza nguva yekuitika kwezvinhu muchiito sekuti zvichanaka. /-cha-/ chiratidza nguva chechiito /-naka/.

Chidudzirachiito izwi rinodudzira, kutsanangura kana kujekesa chiito. Somuenzaniso, hazvina kunyatsokwana kungoti, Vakasvika, asi kuti, Vakasvika nezuro kana Vakasvika nambuya. Apa nezuro nanambuya ndiwo mazwi anodudziria chiito, Vakasvika.